A novel reduced graphene oxide/carbon nanotube hollow fiber membrane with high forward osmosis performance

Comparison of flux behavior and synthetic organic compound removal by forward osmosis and reverse osmosis membranes

Synthesis and characterization of flat-sheet thin film composite forward osmosis membranes

Characterization of novel forward osmosis hollow fiber membranes

Hybrid membrane system for desalination and wastewater treatment : Integrating forward osmosis and low pressure reverse osmosis

Feasibility of the highly-permselective forward osmosis membrane process for the post-treatment of the anaerobic fluidized bed bioreactor effluent

Forward osmosis membranes and processes: A comprehensive review of research trends and future outlook

We have demonstrated in this work the prospect of dual-layer polybenzimidazole-polyethersulfone (PBI-PES) nanofiltration (NF) hollow fiber membranes in the forward osmosis (FO) process for water production: The state-of-the-art for dual-layer membrane fabrication via coextrusion technology could produce the resultant membrane consisting of an ultrathin selective skin, fully porous water channels underneath, and a microporous sponge-like support structure. Together with its sharp pore size distribution and self-charged PBI selective membrane surface, the dual-layer hollow fiber forward osmosis membrane can achieve a water flux as high as 33.8 L x m(-2) x hr(-1) and a salt flux less than 1.0 g x m(-2) x hr(-1) at room temperature of 23 degrees C using 5 M MgCl2 as the draw solution. A comprehensive literature review of previous efforts on identifying suitable membranes and appropriate draw solutions in the FO process for water production and seawater desalination have also been conducted. It shows that the water fluxes of the dual-layer hollow fiber FO membrane developed in this work utilizing MgCl2 as the draw solutions generally surpasses those FO processes utilizing RO membranes and is comparable to most FO processes using commercial FO membrane and employing other salts or sugar instead of MgCl2 as the draw solutions.

Fabrication of a robust high-performance FO membrane by optimizing substrate structure and incorporating aquaporin into selective layer

The present work aims to study forward osmosis process using different kinds of draw solutions and membranes. Three types of draw solutions (sodium chloride, sodium formate, and sodium acetate) were used in forward osmosis process to evaluate their effectiveness with respect to water flux and reverse salt flux. Experiments conducted in a laboratory-scale forward osmosis (FO) unit in cross flow flat sheet membrane cell. Three types of membranes (Thin film composite (TFC), Cellulose acetate (CA), and Cellulose triacetate (CTA)) were used to determine the water flux under osmotic pressure as a driving force. The effect of temperature, draw solution concentration, feed and draw solution flow rate, and membrane types, were studied with respect to water flux. The results showed an increase in water flux with increasing feed temperature and draw solution concentrations In addition, the flux increased with increasing feed flow rate while the flux was inversely proportional with the draw solution flow rate. The results showed that reverse osmosis membranes (TFC and CA) are not suitable for using in FO process due to the relatively obtained low water flux when compared with the flux obtained by forward osmosis membrane (CTA). NaCl draw solution gave higher water flux than other draw solutions and at the same time, revealed higher reverse salt flux.

A new cellulose acetate propionate (CAP) polymer has been synthesized and used to prepare high‐performance forward osmosis (FO) membranes. With an almost equal degree of substitution of acetyl and propionyl groups, the CAP‐based dense membranes show more balanced physicochemical properties than conventional cellulose acetate (CA)‐based membranes for FO applications. The former have a lower equilibrium water content (6.6 wt. %), a lower salt diffusivity (1.6×1014 m2 s−1) and a much lower salt partition coefficient (0.013) compared with the latter. The as‐prepared and annealed CAP‐based hollow fibers have a rough surface with an average pore radius of 0.31 nm and a molecular weight cut off of 226 Da. At a transmembrane pressure of 1 bar, the dual‐layer CAP‐CA hollow fibers show a pure water permeability of 0.80 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 (LMH/bar) and a rejection of 75.5% to NaCl. The CAP‐CA hollow fibers were first tested for their FO performance using 2.0 M NaCl draw solution and deionized water feed. An impressive water flux of 17.5 L m−2 h−1 (LMH) and a reverse salt flux of 2.5 g m−2 h−1 (gMH) were achieved with the draw solution running against the active CAP layer in the FO tests. The very low reverse salt flux is mainly resulting from the low salt diffusivity and salt partition coefficient of the CAP material. In a hybrid system combining FO and membrane distillation for wastewater reclamation, the newly developed hollow fibers show very encouraging results, that is, water production rate being 13–13.7 LMH, with a MgCl2 draw solution of only 0.5 M and an operating temperature of 343 K due to the incorporation of bulky propionyl groups with balanced physiochemical properties. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 1245–1254, 2013

Techno-economic assessment of forward osmosis as a pretreatment process for mitigation of scaling in multi-stage flash seawater desalination process

Carbon nanotube-supported polyamide membrane with minimized internal concentration polarization for both aqueous and organic solvent forward osmosis process

Composite forward osmosis hollow fiber membranes: Integration of RO- and NF-like selective layers to enhance membrane properties of anti-scaling and anti-internal concentration polarization

Polydopamine nanoparticles modified nanofiber supported thin film composite membrane with enhanced adhesion strength for forward osmosis

Fabrication of novel poly(amide–imide) forward osmosis hollow fiber membranes with a positively charged nanofiltration-like selective layer