Abstract
In a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET), the vehicles communicate with each other to develop an intelligent transport system (ITS) which provides safety and convenience while driving. The major challenge of VANET is that the topology changes dynamically due to the high speed and unpredictable mobility of vehicles resulting in an inefficient real time message dissemination, especially in emergency scenarios such as in the accident event where it can cause high level of destruction. To the best of our knowledge, there is no such mechanism in existing literature which can handle real time multicast communication in VANET for both urban and highway scenarios. In this paper, we propose a novel real time vehicular communication (RTVC) framework which consists of a VANET cluster scheme (VCS) and VANET multicast routing (VMR) to achieve efficient vehicle communication within both urban and highway scenarios. The RTVC framework develops stable communication links and achieves high throughput with low overhead despite high mobility by combining the multicast routing with a unique cluster based scheme. In VCS, the cluster head (CH) is elected upon cluster threshold value (CTV) to disseminate the messages within the cluster members (CMs) and to other cluster heads by intercluster communication, which reduces the network overhead. In addition, the vehicles cluster head election (VCHE) procedure is proposed to reduce the number of CHs and CMs switches which results in lower overhead of maintaining the clusters. Moreover, another novelty of the framework is that the CTV of VCHE can be adjusted by speed adjustment factor (SAF) to achieve the desired cluster stability depending upon the required VANET application. The simulation results illustrate that the proposed framework has achieved the goal of stable, efficient, and real time communication despite highly dynamic environment of VANET.
Highlights
The fatalities and serious injuries due to road crashes are increasing every year at a fast pace
The main aim and uniqueness of novel real time vehicular communication (RTVC) framework are to achieve the stable communication between vehicles within both urban and highway scenarios, which has been achieved by proposed VANET cluster scheme (VCS), whereas the RTVC framework achieves the real time message delivery with high throughput to multiple desired vehicles by using our VANET multicast routing (VMR) protocol which is based upon the multicast approach
The cluster threshold value (CTV) is used to take the decision upon vehicles cluster head election (VCHE), cluster members (CMs) joining, and CM leaving which is based upon an average speed of the vehicle (Vavgspd) within slow, medium, and fast lane as specified below: CTV CASE-1: CTVS = Avgspeed (CSLS) = 30 ± u
Summary
The fatalities and serious injuries due to road crashes are increasing every year at a fast pace. The main motivation of developing the VANET routing protocols is to reduce the human casualties and multicar collisions by managing the topology of high speed vehicles at real time. In VANET, it is difficult to maintain stable communication links with other vehicles due to dynamic topology It incurs high communication overhead and delay during message transmission. The main aim and uniqueness of novel RTVC framework are to achieve the stable communication between vehicles within both urban and highway scenarios, which has been achieved by proposed VCS, whereas the RTVC framework achieves the real time message delivery with high throughput to multiple desired vehicles by using our VMR protocol which is based upon the multicast approach. This approach provides all the possible routes towards destination vehicle.
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