A novel prognostic scoring system combining the revised Tokuhashi score and the New England spinal metastasis score for preoperative evaluation of spinal metastases.

Abstract

Numerous scoring systems have been developed in order to determine the prognosis of spinal metastases. Predicting as accurately as possible the life expectancy of patients with spinal metastatic disease is very important, as it's the decisive factor in selecting the optimal treatment for the patient. The Revised Tokuhashi score (RTS) and the New England Spinal Metastasis score (NESMS) are popular scoring systems used to determine the optimal treatment modality. However, they sometimes provide conflicting results. We propose a novel prognostic scoring system, which combines the RTS and NESMS scores in order to predict with greater accuracy the prognosis. We retrospectively reviewed the data of 64 patients with spinal metastasis enrolled between 2012 and 2021 in the Department of Orthopedic Surgery-Spine, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Que. The new score per patient was calculated as a combination of the RTS of each patient and the patient's corresponding NESMS. The new score was then compared to the actual patient survival period and divided into 3 categories: Low, Moderate and Good prognosis. We then compared the accuracy of our new score to RTS. In the Low Prognosis group, the reliability of predicting the prognosis was 51.9% in 27 patients. In the Moderate Prognosis group, the reliability of predicting the prognosis was 95.8% in 24 patients. In the Good Prognosis group, the reliability of predicting the prognosis was 100% in 13 patients. Our new score was found more accurate than RTS as the R2 parameter corresponding to the new score was significantly increased compared to the same parameter corresponding to the RTS score indicating a higher percentage of survival predictability for the new score as compared to the RTS score. This study demonstrates that a new prognostic scoring system, which would combine the RTS and the NESMS, is promising in providing an improved accuracy for predicting the actual patient survival, especially for the moderate and good prognosis patients. An appropriate prospective investigation with a larger sample size should be conducted in order to further investigate the validity of this novel scoring system and its overall predictive value.