Abstract
This paper presents a prediction error-based power forecasting (PEBF) method for a Photovoltaic (PV) system, using Photovoltaics for Utility Scale Applications (PVUSA) model based grey box neural network (GBNN). First, the differential equation based PVUSA model is transformed into a neural network. In the proposed PEBF scheme, the neural network is set to train whenever the difference between predicted and output powers increases from a certain threshold defined based on system dynamics and requirements. The unique design of the PVUSA model based grey box neural network takes far less training time than usual black-box neural network based models. This gives the proposed prediction scheme an advantage of updating the prediction model parameters from frequent training of neural networks with the change in metrological variables. The effectiveness of the proposed prediction scheme is demonstrated by a real case study regarding a 20MW grid-connected PV system located in Dongying city of Shandong province China. To evaluate the efficiency of the developed scheme, different assessment metrics, mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), weighted mean absolute error (WMAE) and coefficient of determination ( R <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) are applied. The average values of MAE, RMSE, and WMAE were 0.12 %, 0.20% and 0.23% respectively for all cases. The results demonstrate that the proposed scheme predicts the PV power efficiently within the defined error tolerance level, which shows the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed prediction scheme. The prediction accuracy of the proposed scheme has been compared with the conventional black box neural network models and reveals outperformed performance with respect to prediction accuracy improvement. The proposed prediction scheme will help to balance power production and demands across integrated networks through economic dispatch decisions between the power sources.
Highlights
Solar energy is a clean, accessible, and environmentally friendly energy source because, unlike traditional sources, it has no carbon emission
The results demonstrate that the Photovoltaics for Utility Scale Applications (PVUSA) based grey box neural network (GBNN) predicts PV power efficiently
Neural Network will update its parameters based on current meteorological variables in this power prediction scheme whenever an error between predicted and actual values crosses a specific limit defined in the algorithm. This will linearize the prediction model according to current meteorological conditions The unique design of the PVUSA model-based grey box neural network takes far less training time than conventional black-box neural network-based models presented in current literature
Summary
Solar energy is a clean, accessible, and environmentally friendly energy source because, unlike traditional sources, it has no carbon emission. Neural Network will update its parameters based on current meteorological variables in this power prediction scheme whenever an error between predicted and actual values crosses a specific limit defined in the algorithm This will linearize the prediction model according to current meteorological conditions The unique design of the PVUSA model-based grey box neural network takes far less training time than conventional black-box neural network-based models presented in current literature. This gives the proposed prediction scheme an advantage of updating the prediction model parameters from frequent training of neural networks with the change in metrological variables.
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