Abstract
A novel porous egg-white (EW)/titania composite material was prepared via a facile nonaqueous precipitation method with EW as the porous skeleton. In a typical process, tetrabutyl titanate, a titanium precursor, was dissolved in ethanol to undergo a non-hydrolytic reaction with the aid of anhydrous formic acid under ultrasonication and form a porous structure with EW. The composite material was characterized by BET, XRD, FTIR spectroscopy, TEM, FE-SEM and photocatalytic degradation test. The results show that formic acid changes the characteristic structure of tetrabutyl titanate, increases the polarity of its C–O and Ti–O bonds, and promotes the non-hydrolytic de-etherization poly-condensation reaction. After ultrasonic treatment, the reaction product was rearranged to form anatase titania on EW to form a porous structure. The porous composite material had a mean pore size of 15.8 nm, BET surface area of 325.5 m2 g−1 and exhibited an excellent photocatalytic activity. The degradation rate of methyl orange using the EW/titania composite material reached 99.9% in 50 minutes, exhibiting an attractive prospect in wastewater treatment.
Highlights
Titania, a semiconductor with an energy gap (Eg) of 3.2 eV, has captured much attention as an efficient photocatalyst for its promising photocatalytic activity, excellent chemical stability, superior oxidation capability, low cost and nontoxicity.[1,2] It is universally acknowledged that the photocatalytic activity of titania strongly depends on its speci c surface area, crystallinity, morphology and crystal facets.[3,4,5,6] In most cases, titania preparation needs thermal treatment to get high crystallinity in nal products
The synthesized ET# sample is indexed to the single anatase titania (PDF card no. 01-0562) phase, which corresponds to the I41/amd (141) space group, and its unit cell volume is 130.4 A3
–OH in anhydrous formic acid disappears in the spectrum of the mixture. These results clearly prove that formic acid has coordinated with Ti(OBu)[4], and the process of chemical reaction is presented in formula (1)
Summary
A semiconductor with an energy gap (Eg) of 3.2 eV, has captured much attention as an efficient photocatalyst for its promising photocatalytic activity, excellent chemical stability, superior oxidation capability, low cost and nontoxicity.[1,2] It is universally acknowledged that the photocatalytic activity of titania strongly depends on its speci c surface area, crystallinity, morphology and crystal facets.[3,4,5,6] In most cases, titania preparation needs thermal treatment to get high crystallinity in nal products. Thermal treatment leads to an increase in the grain size and decrease in the speci c surface area of the products. In order to alleviate these problems, much attention has been focused on using different second-phase heterogeneous porous materials such as titania carriers to reap the bene ts on improving the speci c surface area and photocatalytic performance of the materials.[7,8] the thermal treatment limits the selection range of these porous carriers
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