Abstract
A novel TiO 2 double-layer (DL) film consisting of TiO 2 hollow spheres (HSs) as overlayer and single-crystalline TiO 2 nanorod arrays (RAs) as underlayer was designed as the photoanode of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). This new-typed TiO 2 HS/RA DL film could significantly improve the efficiency of DSSCs owing to its synergic effects, i.e. the relatively large specific surface area of TiO 2 HSs for effective dye adsorption, enhanced light harvesting capability originated from TiO 2 RA film, and rapid interfacial electron transport in one-dimensional TiO 2 nanorod arrays. The overall energy-conversion efficiency of 4.57% was achieved by the formation of TiO 2 DL film, which is 16% higher than that formed by TiO 2 HS film and far larger than that formed by TiO 2 RA film ( η = 0.99%). The light absorption and interfacial electron transport, which play important roles in the efficiency of DSSCs, were investigated by UV–vis absorption spectra and electrochemical impedance spectra.
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