A novel multi-model ensemble framework for fluvial flood inundation mapping

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Floods pose a significant threat to communities and infrastructure, necessitating timely predictions for effective disaster management. Conventional hydrodynamic models often encounter limitations in data requirements and computational efficiency. To overcome these constraints, we propose a novel multi-model ensemble framework integrating the flood extent and depth models for fluvial flood mapping. Various flood conditioning factors, such as terrain elevation and slope, flow direction, distance from the river, and latitude-longitude, were selected as model inputs, considering their relevance. The proposed framework was evaluated for predictive, extrapolative, and generalization capabilities. Results indicate that the proposed model successfully captures flood dynamics across a wide range of streamflow values, including unforeseen events, making it a valuable tool for predicting flood extent and depth. Overall, our approach offers a promising alternative to conventional hydrodynamic models, providing robustness, computational efficiency, scalability, automation, and integration with existing tools for flood inundation mapping tasks.