A novel methodology for the planning of charging infrastructure in the scenario of high EV penetration

Abstract

This article presents a novel methodology for distribution network expansion planning (DNEP) considering the inclusion of electric vehicles (EVs), especially, electric bus (EB) charging loads. The proposed methodology addresses network congestion through an optimum time of charging, cost optimization, new charging infrastructure, and minimization of losses under a set of technical and physical constraints, which represents practical uncertainties. Along with load flow analysis, selection of the number of ports and technology at the host charging station is obtained through the application of response surface methodology. The proposed methodology provides coordinated planning for the development of EB charging station infrastructure that takes into account the effects of both the power dispersion framework and transportation framework. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is investigated by applying it to the 69-node IEEE modified distribution test system considering three charging technologies, viz. fast charging, ultra-fast charging, and battery swapping. The results of the proposed model are compared with the direct statistical method, and it revealed that the right selection of technology for EB charging and the right planning of the charging infrastructure can effectively optimize the cost of EV charging infrastructure and thereby catalyze the decarbonization of the transportation sector.