Abstract
This paper details a novel, patent pending, abrasive machining manufacturing process for the formation of sub-millimetre holes in THGEMs, with the intended application in gaseous and dual-phase TPCs. Abrasive machining favours a non-ductile substrate such as glasses or ceramics. This innovative manufacturing process allows for unprecedented versatility in THGEM substrates, electrodes, and hole geometry and pattern. Consequently, THGEMs produced via abrasive machining can be tailored for specific properties: for example, high stiffness, low total thickness variation, radiopurity, moisture absorption/outgassing and/or carbonisation resistance. This paper specifically focuses on three glass substrate THGEMs (G-THGEMs) made from Schott Borofloat 33 and fused silica. Circular and hexagonal hole shapes are also investigated. The G-THGEM electrodes are made from indium tin oxide (ITO), with a resistivity of 150 Ω/Sq. All G-THGEMs were characterised in an optical (EMCCD) readout GArTPC and compared to a traditionally manufactured FR4 THGEM, with their charging and secondary scintillation (S2) light production behaviour analysed.
Highlights
Borofloat 33 is relatively low cost, enabling potential large scale production of relatively inexpensive G-thick gaseous electron multipliers (THGEMs), whereas fused silica is radiopure, potentially allowing use in experiments which are very sensitive to background radiation
There are several mechanical advantages afforded by G-THGEMs which makes them suitable for large-scale LArTPC experiments
This was a direct image taken of the wavelength shifting (WLS) S2 light produced within a fused silica substrate G-THGEM holes, at a field of 1600 V/mm
Summary
Abrasive machining favours a non-ductile substrate such as glasses or ceramics This innovative manufacturing process allows for unprecedented versatility in THGEM substrates, electrodes, and hole geometry and pattern. THGEMs produced via abrasive machining can be tailored for specific properties: for example, high stiffness, low total thickness variation, radiopurity, moisture absorption/outgassing and/or carbonisation resistance. This paper focuses on three glass substrate THGEMs (G-THGEMs) made from Schott Borofloat 33 and fused silica.
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