Abstract
ObjectiveProbiotics can modulate immune responses to resist influenza infection. This study aims to evaluate the anti-viral efficacy of B. dorei.MethodsC57BL/6J mice were infected with influenza virus together with treatment of PBS vehicle, B. dorei, or oseltamivir respectively. Anti-influenza potency of B. dorei and the underlying mechanism were determined by measuring survival rate, lung viral load and pathology, gene expression and production of cytokines and chemokines, and analysis of gut microbiota.ResultsAdministration of B. dorei increased (by 30%) the survival of influenza-infected mice, and improved their weight loss, lung pathology, lung index, and colon length compared to the vehicle control group. B. dorei treatment reduced (by 61%) the viral load of lung tissue and increased expression of type 1 interferon more rapidly at day 3 postinfection. At day 7 postinfection, B. dorei-treated mice showed lower local (lung) and systemic (serum) levels of interferon and several proinflammatory cytokines or chemokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, MCP-1 and IP-10) with a efficacy comparable to oseltamivi treatment. B. dorei treatment also altered gut microbiota as indicated by increased levels of Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Lactobacillus and decreased levels of Escherichia, Shigella, and Parabacteroides.Conclusion B. dorei has anti-influenza effect. Its working mechanisms involve promoting earlier interferon expression and down-regulating both local and systemic inflammatory response. B. dorei changes the composition of gut microbiota, which may also contribute to its beneficial effects.
Highlights
Influenza virus can cause seasonal epidemics and sometimes the global pandemics, and it has become a serious public health burden [1]
To determine whether quercetin-degrading strains could protect the host against influenza infection, we evaluated the antiinfluenza efficacy of eight strains with different quercetindegrading rate
Only B. dorei and L. plantarum significantly reversed the changes in lung index and colon length caused by influenza infection (Figures 1C–E)
Summary
Influenza virus can cause seasonal epidemics and sometimes the global pandemics, and it has become a serious public health burden [1]. Effective vaccination is the best way to prevent communicable diseases. Influenza vaccine has been used widely for many years, it cannot significantly prevent the influenza epidemic as in the case of measles vaccine for measles epidemic, which is mainly due to the high mutation of the influenza virus [2]. The World Health Organization has established a global influenza surveillance network and recommends the appropriate dominant influenza virus strains annually to vaccine manufacturers based on the monitoring results. There are still frequent mismatches occurred between influenza vaccines and the epidemic virus strains, which diminishes the protection of the vaccination. Developing alternative strategies of preventing influenza is warranted
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