Abstract
In this paper, a novel image encryption scheme based on a fractional-order Henon chaotic map, a two-dimensional (2D) Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and a four-dimensional (4D) hyperchaotic system is proposed. Firstly, the original image is transformed and scrambled by the 2D DWT, and then the image is shuffled with the fractional-order Henon chaotic time series. Finally, the shuffled image is diffused and encrypted by the 4D hyperchaos system. Through the application of DWT and high-low dimensional chaotic systems, the encryption effect of this algorithm is better than those done by single or ordinary chaotic encryption algorithm, and it has a larger key space and higher security. The experimental tests show that the system has good statistical characteristics, such as histogram analysis, correlation coefficient analysis, key space and key sensitivity, information entropy analysis and so on. The encryption algorithm also passes the relevant security attack tests with good security.
Highlights
Due to inherent initial value sensitivity, ergodicity and unpredictability, chaotic system is very suitable for information security and secure communication [1,2]
Image encryption schemes based on chaotic systems have been widely used in recent years, and many new methods have emerged in the image encryption processes, such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) rules, bit-level arrangement, one-time key, matrix and semi-tensor product theory [3,4,5]
Based on the above analysis, this paper proposes an image encryption scheme based on a second-order fractional-order chaotic map and the 2D Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and a hyperchaotic system
Summary
Due to inherent initial value sensitivity, ergodicity and unpredictability, chaotic system is very suitable for information security and secure communication [1,2]. The fractional-order Henon chaotic system is applied in the confusion stage of image encryption to obtain a better confusion effect; (3) the 4D hyperchaotic system adopted here has large Lyapunov exponents, which makes the generated chaotic stream cipher more random, and the experiments prove that the image encryption effect is good; (4) in the confusion and diffusion stages of the image encryption algorithm, there are mixed applications of high and low dimensional chaotic systems, mixed applications of fractional order and integer order chaotic systems, and image transformation both in time domain and frequency domain. The structure of this paper is shown as follows: in Section 2, the fractional calculus, the fractional-order
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