Abstract
There is a growing necessity to acquire more profound knowledge on the quantity of eluates from resin-based dental materials, especially with regard to bisphenol A (BPA). The aim of the present study was to develop a highly sensitive method to characterize the short-term release of BPA in saliva with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), using an extraction step and additional derivatization of BPA with pyridine-3-sulfonyl chloride. Light-cured resin-based composites were incubated at 37 °C in 1 mL artificial saliva, which was refreshed daily for one week. The final protocol allows accurate quantification of very low levels of BPA in samples of artificial saliva (i.e. 1.10 pmol BPA/mL or 250 pg/mL). The daily BPA-release from dental composites, ranging from 1.10 to 7.46 pmol BPA/mL, was characterized over a period of 7 days. The highest total amount of BPA was released from Solitaire 2 (24.72 ± 2.86 pmol), followed by G-ænial Posterior (15.51 ± 0.88 pmol) and Filtek Supreme XTE (12.00 ± 1.31 pmol). In contrast, only trace amounts of BPA were released from Ceram.x Universal. This UPLC-MS/MS method might be used for clinical research focusing on the evaluation of the clinical relevance of BPA release from dental materials.
Highlights
A new field of interest in dentistry, namely endocrine active substances (EAS), has emerged since it was shown for the first time ever that bisphenol A (BPA) and BPA-derivatives, detected in saliva from patients treated with resin-based dental sealants, were causing estrogenic activity in vitro[1]
The correlation coefficient R2 of the regression equations exceeded the value 0.99. Appropriate values for both accuracy and precision were obtained for all calibration concentrations ranging between lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) and higher limit of quantification (HLOQ). These results indicated a good correlation between the measured response and the nominal concentration of BPA
We describe in this study a highly sensitive and accurate method to detect low levels of BPA, released from resin-based dental materials, in artificial saliva
Summary
A new field of interest in dentistry, namely endocrine active substances (EAS), has emerged since it was shown for the first time ever that bisphenol A (BPA) and BPA-derivatives, detected in saliva from patients treated with resin-based dental sealants, were causing estrogenic activity in vitro[1]. There is still no conclusive evidence about the relevance of in-vivo BPA exposure due to BPA released from dental materials compared to other sources, such as diet (food and beverage containers), dust and thermal paper[9], and whether the detected levels are sufficient to induce estrogenic effects in vivo. Earlier studies assessing in-vivo BPA release after placement of sealants and/or composites used HPLC, often in combination with a UV-VIS (ultraviolet-visible light) detector[1,17,18,19]. This technique has severe limitations regarding the specificity and sensitivity. Another study showed that BisGMA showed a similar retention time as BPA21 This problem can be solved by ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Techniques such as HPLC and GC-MS are relatively slow, with run times up to several tens of minutes
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