A novel green method for copper recovery from cuprous thiocyanate-containing acidified sediments in the gold industry

Abstract

The construction of a low-cost and green copper recovery method in gold plants is extremely important for treating CuSCN-containing refractory acidified sediments (ASs). In this work, an effective and environmentally-friendly hydrometallurgical process, consisting of thiosulfate leaching and protective electrodeposition, was proposed for selective copper recovering from ASs. The effects of leaching parameters on the leaching efficiency were systematically investigated. Subsequently, cyclic voltammetry, linear sweep voltammetry, and chronoamperometry were utilized to determine the predominant speciation and investigate the electrochemical behavior of the leachate. Eventually, the optimum electrolysis parameters for copper recovery were considered. The results demonstrated that the selective leaching efficiency of copper reached 99% under optimum leaching conditions, while no zinc and iron were leached, which coincides with the results of speciation calculations. Simultaneously, the kinetic analysis indicated that the leaching process exhibited a diffusion-controlled step with an apparent activation energy of 13.64 kJ/mol. Na2Zn3Fe(CN)6 as the main ingredient of the leaching residue was formed, which played a vital role in facilitating the copper leaching process. The electrochemical measurements indicated that the [Cu(S2O3)3]5- complex was the dominant species in the pH range from 7.0 to 11.0, and the mass transfer diffusion was the main resistance element for the cathodic reduction of the [Cu(S2O3)3]5- complex. Regarding the S2O32− stability, it decomposed more easily into S, S2−, S4O62−, and SO42− in the presence of Cu2+. However, the presence of SO32− significantly alleviated thiosulfate decomposition. The electrodeposition experiments showed that metallic copper was obtained with a recovery efficiency of 95%, current efficiency of 50%, and energy consumption of 1.25 kW h/kg Cu. This research developed an approach for the efficiently recycling ASs, yielding great economic results and more favorable environmental performance.