A novel fluorescent nitrogen, phosphorus-doped carbon dots derived from Ganoderma Lucidum for bioimaging and high selective two nitrophenols detection

Abstract

The highly fluorescent nitrogen, phosphorus carbon dots (Gl N,P-CDs) and Gl CDs deriving from Ganoderma Lucidum were successfully prepared by a simple hydrothermal method. The Gl N,P-CDs exhibited low biotoxicity and good biocompatibility by cell imaging, onion skin staining and in vivo bioimaging. In addition, Gl N,P-CDs and Gl CDs showed high selectivity and sensitivity in detecting 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). Good linear range 0–37.5 μM (R2 = 0.9923) and 0–50 μM (R2 = 0.9944) for Gl CDs, and 0–30 μM (R2 = 0.9914) and 0–30 μM (R2 = 0.9976) for Gl N,P-CDs were obtained, and the low detection limits were 89.77 nM, 100.27 nM (Gl CDs) and 73.03 nM, 68.09 nM (Gl N,P-CDs) for 2,4-DNP and 4-NP, respectively. It revealed that the inner filter effect dominated in quenching of the Gl CDs and Gl N,P-CDs fluorescent by 2,4-DNP and 4-NP. The Gl N,P-CDs was successfully used to detect 2,4-DNP and 4-NP in real water and soil samples. It provided a new insight on the bioimaging application and environmental pollutants detection.