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Abstract
BackgroundTrichoderma spp. are used extensively in agriculture as biological control agents to prevent soil-borne plant diseases. In recent years, mycoviruses from fungi have attracted increasing attention due to their effects on their hosts, but Trichoderma mycoviruses have not been the subject of extensive study. We sought to discover novel mycoviruses from Trichoderma spp. and to determine the effects of the biocontrol function of Trichoderma spp.MethodsMycoviruses were screened by dsRNA extraction and metagenomic analysis. RT-PCR, 5′ RACE, and 3′ RACE were used to obtain the genome sequence. MEGA software was used to classify the new mycovirus. The effects of the identified mycovirus on the biological properties of the host strain 525 were evaluated using cucumber plants and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum.ResultsA novel mycovirus, Trichoderma harzianum mycovirus 1 (ThMV1) (accession number MH155602), was discovered in Trichoderma harzianum strain 525, a soil-borne fungus collected from Inner Mongolia, China. The mycovirus exhibited a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) genome with a complete genome sequence of 3160 base pairs and two open reading frames (ORFs) on the negative strand. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that it belongs to an unclassified family of dsRNA mycoviruses. The removal of ThMV1 from the host 525 strain reduced host biomass production and improved the biocontrol capability of the host for Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum. At same time, the presence of ThMV1 improved the growth of cucumber.ConclusionThMV1 is a new unclassified mycovirus found in T. harzianum. It not only affects the phenotype of the host strain but also reduces its biocontrol function, which sheds light on the interaction between the mycovirus and Trichoderma spp.
Highlights
Trichoderma spp. are used extensively in agriculture as biological control agents to prevent soil-borne plant diseases
Using next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis, the contig-36 was determined to have a size of approximately 3 kb and to show high similarity to three mycoviruses: Alternaria longipes double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus 1 [25], Penicillium janczewskii Beauveria bassiana-like virus 1 [26], and Beauveria bassiana RNA virus 1 [27]
The coding strand of the dsRNA exhibited two Open reading frame (ORF) on the negative strand, which constituted the coding strand of the mycovirus
Summary
Trichoderma spp. are used extensively in agriculture as biological control agents to prevent soil-borne plant diseases. Mycoviruses from fungi have attracted increasing attention due to their effects on their hosts, but Trichoderma mycoviruses have not been the subject of extensive study. We sought to discover novel mycoviruses from Trichoderma spp. and to determine the effects of the biocontrol function of Trichoderma spp. Mycoviruses are widespread viruses that infect filamentous fungi and yeasts, and most do not cause their hosts to exhibit obvious symptoms [1, 2]. The majority of mycoviruses exhibit a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) genome, which is diagnostic. A few mycoviruses exhibit single-stranded RNA (ssRNA), doublestranded DNA (dsDNA), or single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) genomes [3]. Based on the mode of replication and the type of genome, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses has divided all currently known mycoviruses into 16 families and an unclassified group. The taxonomic status of approximately 20% of fungal viruses has yet to be determined [5, 6]
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