Abstract
A highly sensitive AIE fluorescent probe (DBAQ) containing quinoxaline moiety was designed based on the natural diterpene dehydroabietic acid. This probe was synthesized and manifested via the analysis of FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and ESI-MS spectra. The probe DBAQ was utilized to selectively recognize Hg2+ against other competitive metal ions with the detection limit of 10.3 nM in MeCN/H2O solution (v/v = 1/9, pH = 7.5). In particular, DBAQ (λex/em = 425/600 nm) possessed a large Stokes shift (175 nm), short response time (10 s), and a wide pH range for Hg2+ detection (5 ∼ 10). Job’s plot method was used to determine the stoichiometry ratio of DBAQ-Hg2+ complexes as 1:2, which was confirmed by FT-IR. The binding mechanisms of DBAQ with Hg2+ were confirmed by 1H NMR titration. Meanwhile, DBAQ exhibited satisfied detection performance in seafood and environmental water samples. Furthermore, DBAQ revealed the considerably low cytotoxic effects to MCF-7 cells (IC50 > 100 μM), and it could be utilized as an outstanding imaging agent for the determination of Hg2+ both in living cells and zebrafish.
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