A Novel Coordinative Resident Electric Vehicle Charging Mechanism

Abstract

With advanced Electric Vehicles (EVs) techniques being introduced in these decades, EVs are expected to be widely adopted as resident vehicles due to their low greenhouse gas emission and low operating costs. Meanwhile, the resident EV charging activities will be a challenging problem for the power grid and will cause severe voltage fluctuations, high Peak-to-Average Ratio (PAR) and increasing the blackout possibility. Therefore the random and unpredictable resident EV charging activities calls for an efficient and coordinative mechanism. In this paper, the general scenario of resident EV charging activities is studied and the charging activity is analyzed by queuing theory. Based on that, the novel mechanism is proposed to coordinate the charging load and the grid peak load through wireless communication as well as to set EVs a proper charging moment. Through this mechanism, all arriving EVs can be fully charged before a specific time, and the grid peak load shall not be largely increased. A comparative study is carried out by simulating the uncontrolled charging mechanism with the proposed EV charging mechanism. And the result indicates that the proposed mechanism works efficiently on reducing the grid peak load as well as the grid PAR.