Abstract
Tremendous growth in the wireless technology demands antennas with low profile, high gain, and wide bandwidth. Microstrip patch antennas act as a viable option to provide effective communication. Though patch antennas have certain advantages, their bandwidth is very narrow. This paper focusses on the bandwidth enhancement in a patch antenna design. The proposed structure is pentagonal shaped Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) antenna. To achieve UWB operation with acceptable gain, a circular shaped slot and partial ground plane technique has been introduced in the pentagonal shaped patch antenna. Moreover, the shape of the radiating structure has been modified to obtain desired radiation characteristics. The overall size of the radiating structure is $24 \times 26 \times 1.6 {\mathrm {mm}}^{3}$. The dimension of the partial ground plane is $8 \times 26 {\mathrm {mm}}^{2}$. The antenna is etched on FR4 epoxy substrate with relative permittivity of 4.4. The software used for simulation is ANSYS HFSS (High Frequency System Simulator). Effect of partial ground and different parameters such as return loss, directivity, VSWR, gain, and radiation efficiency are analyzed and compared. The simulated radiating structure gives a wide impedance bandwidth of 5.70 GHz, maximum directivity of 3.63 dB, gain of 3.27 dB, VSWR of 1.92 and maximum efficiency of 92.66%. The proposed structure is fabricated and tested. The measured results of the fabricated structure are found to follow the simulated results. Henceforth the proposed structure can be well suited for UWB applications such as medical imaging, surveillance systems and Military applications.
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