A Novel and Reproducible Classification of the Vertebral Artery in the Subaxial Cervical Spine.

Abstract

An injury of the vertebral artery (VA) is one of the most catastrophic complications in the setting of cervical spine surgery. Anatomic variations of the VA can increase the risk of iatrogenic lacerations. To propose a novel and reproducible classification system that describes the position of the VA based on a 2-dimensional map on computed tomography angiographs (CTA). This cross-sectional retrospective study reviewed 248 consecutive CTAs of the cervical spine at a single academic institution between 2007 and 2018. The classification consists of a number that characterizes the location of the VA from the medio-lateral (ML) aspect of the vertebral body. In addition, a letter describes the VA location from the anterior-posterior (AP) aspect. The reliability and reproducibility were assessed by 2 independent raters on 200 VAs. The inter- and intrarater reliability values showed the classification's reproducibility. The inter-rater reliability weighted κ-value for the ML aspect was 0.93 (95% CI: 0.93-0.93). The unweighted κ-value was 0.93 (95% CI: 0.86-1.00) for "at-risk" positions (ML grade ≥1), and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.75-1.00) for "high-risk" positions (ML grade ≥2). The weighted κ-value for the intrarater reliability was 0.94 (95% CI: 0.95-0.95). The unweighted κ-values for the intrarater reliability were 0.95 (95% CI: 0.91-0.99) for "at-risk" positions, and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.78-0.96) for "high-risk" positions. The proposed classification is reliable, reproducible, and independent of individual anatomic size variations. The use of this novel grading system could improve the understanding and interdisciplinary communication about VA anomalies.