Abstract
Wireless Sensor Networks are widely used nowadays to support the decision-makers in different applications by monitoring and collecting the environmental parameters in specific areas. Sensors are deployed in such areas either randomly or formally. In a high-density Wireless Sensor Network, several sensors are randomly deployed in a small area. This will make the adjacent sensors collect same data and send them to the sink, which will increase the power consumption in those sensors. Adjacent sensors are considered critical because of their effect on the network performance. In this paper, the effect of the adjacent sensors is minimized because of the above-mentioned criticality and performance influence of these sensors. The proposed mechanism is evaluated by using MATLAB simulator and is then compared with the low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) protocol. Results prove that the proposed mechanism outperforms the LEACH protocol by 21% in terms of the network lifetime and by 18% in terms of the number of the transmitted packets to the cluster heads and reduces the number of the transmitted packets to the base station by approximately 3% by avoiding the duplicated packets.
Highlights
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is an important field in the information technology and is used to sense the critical environmental parameters in many applications where the humans are difficult to sense, such as underwater monitoring, fire expectation monitoring, and humidity monitoring [1, 2].WSNs consist of many sensors that sense the critical parameters in a specific area and transmit the values to the base station (BS) for further analysis [3]
In clustering WSNs, the area is divided into clusters; each cluster has many sensors and one specific sensor called cluster head (CH). e CH collects the data from other sensors in its corresponding cluster, aggregate it, and send the aggregated data to the BS [4]
low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) protocol is explained in detail in the following subsection, since it is a popular protocol in the hierarchy-based WSNs. e proposed mechanism enhances it, in addition to explaining its performance for comparison purposes with the proposed mechanism
Summary
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is an important field in the information technology and is used to sense the critical environmental parameters in many applications where the humans are difficult to sense, such as underwater monitoring, fire expectation monitoring, and humidity monitoring [1, 2]. 2. Background of LEACH Protocol e hierarchal protocols in WSNs aim to maximize the network lifetime by forming a set of clusters which contains several sensors in each cluster in addition to the CH [9]. LEACH protocol is the first energy-efficient clustering protocol that has been presented [5] to enhance the efficiency of WSNs by increasing their lifetime. LEACH protocol exhibits many advantages, such as maximizing the network lifetime by distributing the energy among sensors in a network This protocol presents many disadvantages, such as ignoring the residual energy of sensors when selecting CHs. LEACH protocol neglects the distance between sensors in the sensing process, especially in the case of the randomly. According to the above-mentioned explanations, several routing protocols have been proposed to enhance the performance of LEACH protocol by maximizing the network lifetime. ese protocols are explained
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