Abstract
Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels are distinctly characterized by their array non-stationarity, which has not been considered in the existing beam domain channel models (BDCMs). In this paper, the array non-stationarity of massive MIMO channels is modeled by the spatially consistent visibility regions (VRs) over a large uniform planar array (UPA) in terms of individual multipath components (MPCs). Based on this, a novel three-dimensional (3D) BDCM incorporating the effects of array non-stationarity is proposed. Statistical properties of the proposed BDCM including channel power, power leakage, space-time-frequency correlation function (STF-CF), and beam spread are derived. The ergodic and outage capacities are evaluated. The impacts of array non-stationarity on those statistics and channel capacity are analyzed. Results suggest that the beamwidths or spatial resolutions of the BDCM for different directions are not equal due to the array non-stationarity. This in turn increases the power leakage and correlation between channel elements and reduces the beam domain channel capacity.
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