Abstract
A model for calculating shallow-water reverberation in bistatic geometries has been developed using normal modes and ray-mode analogies. The acoustic propagation from the source to the scattering area, and from the scattering area to the receiver is described using normal modes. The scattering at the sea-surface or sea-bottom interface is described by a ray-type scattering function, assumed to be known. Ray-mode analogies are used to relate the modal wavenumbers to vertical angles, and to obtain an expression for the scattering area. Travel times are determined from the modal group velocities. The theoretical formulation applies to fairly general environments; a model for a Pekeris-type environment has been implemented for bottom reverberation due to short pulses. Results will be compared with measured reverberation from an explosive source received on a horizontal line array.
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