Abstract
A unified model of reverberation in a shallow-water waveguide caused by the volume heterogeneity and rough interfaces is proposed. Normal modes are used to describe propagation of a narrow-band signal from a point source to the scattering volume (a vertical column of the waveguide including both water and sediment) and from the scattering volume to the receiver. A local scattering matrix describes a process of reradiation from one normal mode to another within the scattering volume. The case of statistically axial symmetry, where the source and receiver are separated only in the vertical direction and the medium is statistically homogeneous and isotropic in the horizontal plane, is considered in more detail. A simple relationship of the temporal dependence of the reverberation intensity with the scattering matrix, attenuation, and group velocities of the normal modes is obtained. Contributions of different components of reverberation due to rough air-water and water-sediment interfaces, volume heterogeneity of the water column, and the sediment are discussed.
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