Abstract
The broadcast fertilization method is widely used under basin irrigation in China. A reasonable broadcast fertilization method can effectively improve application performance of fertilization and reduce pollution from non-point agricultural sources. In this study, firstly, a non-uniform broadcast fertilization method and a non-uniform application coefficient were proposed. The value of non-uniform application coefficient is defined in this paper. It represents the ratio of the difference between the maximum and the average fertilization amount of fertilizer applied on the basin surface to the average fertilization amount of fertilizer applied on the basin surface. Secondly, field experiments were conducted to study the movement characteristics of fertilizer under non-uniform broadcast fertilization for basin irrigation. Field experiment results showed that under the condition of basin irrigation, the non-uniform broadcast fertilization method could weaken the non-uniform distribution of fertilizer due to erosion and transport capacity of solid fertilizer by irrigation water flow, which could significantly improve the uniformity of soil solute content. Thirdly, the solute transport model for broadcast fertilization was corroborated by the field experiment results. The variation rule of fertilization performance with non-uniform application coefficient under different basin length and inflow rate was achieved by simulation. The simulation results showed that fertilization uniformity and fertilization storage efficiency increased first and then decreased with the increase of non-uniform application coefficient. In order to be practically applicable, suitable irrigation programs of non-uniform application coefficient under different basin length and inflow rate conditions were proposed by numerical simulation.
Highlights
Irrigation and fertilization are two important factors in agricultural production management.Suitable irrigation and fertilization methods can improve the application efficiency of water and fertilizer
The solute transport model for broadcast fertilization was validated by the field experiment results, and the model was used for the numerical simulation to obtain optimum non-uniform application coefficient values for different basin length and inflow rate
The solute transport model for broadcast fertilization was validated by the field experiment results, and the model was used for the numerical simulation to obtain a set of optimum non-uniform application coefficients for different basin length and inflow rate
Summary
Suitable irrigation and fertilization methods can improve the application efficiency of water and fertilizer. Surface irrigation is currently the predominant irrigation method worldwide [1,2]. In China, it is currently practiced on about 90% of irrigated land, and application efficiency ranging from 39% to 91% (average, 60%) [3]. Broadcast fertilization is the most widely used fertilization method. Practices such as large-scale application of nitrogen fertilizer and unreasonable irrigation and fertilization management result in excessive irrigation and fertilization, and other issues that does not meet the requirements of crop development [4,5,6,7]. The management mode of large water and large fertilizer restricts good growth in grain yield, water-use efficiency (WUE), and fertilizer-use efficiency (NUE), and causes a series of environmental problems, such as
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