Abstract
The paper studies a nonlinear model based on time series neural network system (TSNN) to improve the highly nonlinear dynamic model of an automotive lead acid cell battery. Artificial neural network (ANN) take into consideration the dynamic behavior of both input-output variables of the battery charge-discharge processes. The ANN works as a benchmark, its inputs include delays and charging/discharging current values. To train our neural network, we performed a pulse discharge on a lead acid battery to collect experimental data. Results are presented and compared with a nonlinear Hammerstein-Wiener model. The ANN and nonlinear autoregressive exogenous model (NARX) models achieved satisfying results.
Highlights
A battery in its simplest form is a storage container of electricity for future use, an ideal battery would be able to deliver an infinite amount of current for an infinite amount of time and would work in any environment, but in reality, batteries are not ideal, they can’t supply infinite power
Magnitude of error expressed as difference between actual and predicted values is shown in the same Figure
Visual representation strongly suggests goodness of fit of nonlinear autoregressive exogenous model (NARX) network in predicting output voltage, to quantitatively justify the claim, Mean-squared error (MSE) and regression (R) values are computed for training and test dataset
Summary
A battery in its simplest form is a storage container of electricity for future use, an ideal battery would be able to deliver an infinite amount of current for an infinite amount of time and would work in any environment, but in reality, batteries are not ideal, they can’t supply infinite power. The electrolyte is made up of a mix of thirty-five percent sulfuric acid and sixty-five percent water, the electrochemical reaction between the lead plates and the electrolyte produce DC electricity. During the discharge phase of the battery a by-product of the electrochemical reaction is the production of lead sulfate which coat the plates. The lead acid battery has a technology that is well mastered and almost entirely recyclable. It has the non-negligible advantage of presenting the lowest cost price among all known battery types. It plays, given its antiquity and its wide diffusion the role of benchmark to evaluate the characteristics of other batteries
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