Abstract
Organic redox flow batteries are promising energy storage devices due to their moderately low-cost and scalability. This paper introduces a new multi-electron redox active material, tetra-aminoanthraquinone (DB-1) that is capable of forming cations with an oxidation state of 4+, yielding one of the highest electrode potentials (up to 4.4 V vs. Li) and the largest multi-electron transfer (ca. 4 e−). Computational calculations using density functional theory reveal that the DB-1 molecule has narrower HOMO-LUMO band gaps (<3 eV) than similar molecules (>3.9 eV). Stable charge-discharge cycling performance of this organic molecule is observed with high energy efficiencies (ca. 71%) at a relatively high current density of 20 mA cm−2 over 50 cycles, demonstrating the marked potential of DB-1 for future redox flow battery applications.
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