Abstract
Noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) is the support of the ventilation of the patient using kinds of mechanical means but without intubation. The advantages of NIMV are well known (autonomous interruption and adaptation, intervals in use, self-performed, no humidification needed, no sedation, possibility of expectorations, coughing, talking, feeding, and so on) and the disadvantages of IMV (during intubation [spasm, heart attack, dilatation of stomach], during IMV obstruction, ventilator-associated pneumonia [VAP], take-off, after intubation, tracheostomia). Among different types of NIMV (negative pressure [iron lung], positive pressure [intermittent positive pressure ventilation, spontaneous intermittent mechanical ventilation, PSV, BiPAP, PAV], CPAP), in recent years a face CPAP mask (Boussignac–Vygon) has been developed and used in a mode of CPAP ventilation. An O2 supply is used to create through a special valve mechanism continuous positive pressure in the airways. Although this mask is very effective to correct hypoxemia, it has two serious disadvantages: (1) it uses very high flow of O2 to create an effective CPAP, resulting in an uncontrolled FiO2 more than 60% (up to 95%) in the majority of cases; (2) it cannot be used in COPD II patients because the high FiO2 obligatory used overtreats hypoxemia ending not in correction, but in exacerbation of hypercapnia.
Highlights
In contrast to conventional surgical tracheostomy, percutaneous dilational tracheostomy (PDT) in different variants is spreading rapidly in intensive care units today
Summary Our study demonstrated that LS is a good alternative to restore cardiac contractile function when combined with NE
The use of AVP may lead to further deteriorate sepsis-related myocardial dysfunction even when combined with a positive inotropic agent
Summary
In contrast to conventional surgical tracheostomy, percutaneous dilational tracheostomy (PDT) in different variants is spreading rapidly in intensive care units today. The objectives of the current study were (1) to assess the prognostic significance of plasma concentrations of NSE for early prediction of outcome in patients at risk for anoxic encephalopathy after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and (2) to compare the prognostic information provided by NSE measurements with that provided by conventional risk indicators (clinical neurological examination and computerised tomography [CT] scan of the brain). Independent pulmonary ventilation was introduced in the 1930s and allows the utilization of different ventilatory strategies for each lung to improve gas exchange, respiratory mechanics or both in patients with heterogeneous lung diseases It is not clear whether the lower inflection point (LIP) on the inspiratory limb or the point of maximum curvature (PMC) on the deflation limb of the pressure–volume (PV) curve should be used for the positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) setting in acute lung injury (ALI). The long-term outcome, health-related quality of life (HRQL), and ICU and hospital costs of medical ICU patients were assessed
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