A New Strategy for a Separate Manufacture of Arabinooligosaccharides and Oligogalacturonides by Hydrothermal Treatment of Sugar Beet Pulp

Abstract

Sugar beet pulp (SBP) samples were subjected to a two-step non-isothermal autohydrolysis process in order to obtain mixtures enriched in oligogalacturonides (OGalA) and arabinooligosaccharides (AOS) in separate streams. Operating at a maximum temperature of 130 °C, mixtures containing up to 30.4% oven-dry basis (o.d.b.) of OGalA with an OGalA/AOS ratio of 5.0 g/g were obtained during the first stage. Then, the treated solids were subjected to a second treatment at temperatures in the range 160–175 °C. When those solids were treated up to 175 °C, a mixture mainly made up of AOS (37.5% o.d.b.) with an AOS/OGalA ratio of 3.91 g/g was obtained as an effluent from the reactor. In order to increase their purity, both streams were then subjected to different refining steps. A product enriched in highly methylated and partially acetylated OGalA (42.5% o.d.b., degree of methylation (DM) = 69.2% mol/mol and degree of acetylation (DA) = 36.4% mol/mol), containing 17.2% o.d.b. of non-volatile non-identified compounds, was obtained by membrane filtration of the first-stage liquors, whereas a second one, mainly made up of AOS and galactooligosaccharides (GalOS) (55.0% AOS o.d.b., 13.8% GalOS o.d.b., and 13.3% non-volatile non-identified compounds, o.d.b.), was manufactured after an ion exchange treatment followed by membrane filtration of the second-stage liquors. This strategy was demonstrated to be a suitable and scalable alternative for the separate production of refined mixtures rich in OGalA or neutral pectic-oligosaccharides. Both types of products can result in different effects on the intestinal microbiota: AOS and GalOS show a significant bifidogenic effect and they could be consumed alone or combined with selected probiotic strains of Bifidobacteria for improving an unbalanced microbiota, whereas OGalA has been demonstrated to have a variety of biological properties and can promote the growing of some bacteria such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, a butyrate-producing microorganism underrepresented in patients with active IBD and infectious colitis.