A new species of the genus &lt;i&gt;Salaria&lt;/i&gt; Forsskål, 1775 (Actinopterygii, Blennidae) in Morocco

I Doadrio,A Yahyaoui,S Perea

doi:10.3989/graellsia.2011.v67.042

Abstract

The North African freshwater fish fauna is scarce compared to other regions of the world, probably due to historical and climatic factors. The western part of North Africa is more diverse than central or eastern areas. Populations of freshwater blennids that have been traditionally ascribed to the species Salaria fluviatilis nowadays inhabit the Sebou basin in Morocco. In this study we demonstrated morphologically and molecularly that these Moroccan populations constitute a new species, for which we provide a formal description. The following diagnostic characters distinguish the newly described species from other freshwater blennids: head without diagonal rows of dark dots or blotches on cheeks; supra-ocular tentacle thick and simple (not branched); 13-15 teeth on the upper jaw and 14-16 on the lower jaw; 16-17 soft anal fin rays; short pre-orbital distance (cephalic index: 2.9-3.8); height of the anterior (spiny) part of the dorsal fin short (dorsal fin index: 0.8-1.3) and 34 vertebrae. Mitochondrial and nuclear genetic distances between the new Salaria species and either S. economidisi or S. fluviatilis are high, especially in the mitochondrial control region (18%), while these genetic distances range from 2 to 3% when the nuclear S7 marker is compared. These morphological and molecular characters differentiate the new species from the remaining freshwater species of the genus ( Salaria economidisi and S. fluviatilis ). The new species is confined to a small restricted area of the Sebou basin in Morocco and should be considered endangered (EN) according to the IUCN Red List.

Highlights

Compared to other regions of the world, North Africa has a depauperate freshwater fish fauna, probably because of climatic and historical factors
The western North African fish fauna is more diverse, but this is not predicted by current climatology or size of the region compared to central or eastern North Africa (Doadrio, 1994)
The fish fauna of North Africa was mainly described in the first half of the twentieth century when most of this area was under French colonial rule, and expeditions were carried out, mainly by the French Geographical Society (Société de Géographie) (Pellegrin, 1921)

Summary

Introduction

Compared to other regions of the world, North Africa has a depauperate freshwater fish fauna, probably because of climatic and historical factors. The fish fauna of North Africa was mainly described in the first half of the twentieth century when most of this area was under French colonial rule, and expeditions were carried out, mainly by the French Geographical Society (Société de Géographie) (Pellegrin, 1921). The description of new species was predominantly based on morphological traits, sometimes without considering geographic variation in populations. The result of these taxonomic studies was that many fish collected in the area were not ascribed to species already described and many synonyms were generated (Eschmeyer & Fricke, 2011)

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Results