Abstract
The transmission system structure may sometimes be modified depending upon the power generation and demand at various locations in the power system. Usually, this leads to updates/changes in the relaying installations and makes the overall system to be more expensive. Therefore, it is vital to ensure the reliability of relaying installations with adaptiveness. This paper introduces an improved sequence current-based adaptive pilot relaying scheme. The scheme with its fixed settings can protect the compensated/uncompensated transmission networks with any structures against any type of faults with low impedance faults or high impedance arcing faults. The performance of the proposed scheme has been scrutinized using EMTDC/PSCAD simulation for almost all the adverse cases of faults for different test systems having different structures including a 9-bus WSCC system, IEEE 14-bus system, and TCSC-compensated line. The obtained results indicate that the scheme is robust, accurate, selective, and consistent for all the cases investigated.
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