Abstract
The seafloor is increasingly being used for siting renewable energy and telecommunication infrastructure as well as supporting key fisheries and biodiversity. Understanding seabed stability and sediment dynamics is, therefore, a fundamental need for offshore engineering and geoscience and biological studies. In this study we aim to quantify the levels of sediment mobility in the Irish Sea: an area of increasing socio-economic interest and subsequent seabed pressures. The temporal and spatial interaction between bathymetry, hydrodynamics and seabed sediments leads to a complex pattern of erosion, bedload transport and deposition which can affect seabed infrastructure and modify habitats. Information on current and wave conditions were obtained from numerical modelling to assess their role in generating seabed hydrodynamic conditions. These outputs were coupled with observed seabed grain-size data to predict the exceedance of sediment mobility thresholds by bed shear stress values for a period of one year according to empirical formulae. Exceedance frequency values were used to calculate a number of sediment disturbance and mobility indexes to allow for a robust assessment of sediment dynamics. Sediment in the Irish sea, on average, is being mobilised 35% of the time during the year, with 35% of the spatial area studied being mobilised over 50% of the time. Even in areas of low sediment mobilisation frequency (<5%), there are implications for bedform dynamics. The spatial patterns of the calculated sediment mobility are discussed in the context of current seabed geomorphology and the implications for both engineering and environmental considerations.
Highlights
The seafloor supports a wide array of critical services that underpin our daily lives
The model outputs are for one year, 2019, with mean values calcu lated over that time
The frequency of mobility of sediments in the Irish Sea has been calculated for the first time using a calibrated, regional-scale hydrody namic and wave models and an extensive grab sample database
Summary
The seafloor supports a wide array of critical services that underpin our daily lives. Bed stresses induced by tidal currents, waves or a combination of both, can induce sediment mobility and bedload transport which can lead to erosion of the seabed, causing scour, or deposition of sediment causing burial. This fast-growing dependence on the seafloor demands better and forward-looking marine spatial plan ning and decision making at a range of scales (O’Higgins et al, 2019). This includes a firm understanding the hydrodynamic processes that will affect seabed mobility in the future. A full understanding of present-day dynamics becomes even more important when considering the likely impacts of climate change to regional hydrography and metocean conditions (Olbert et al, 2012; Olbert and Hartnett, 2010)
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