Abstract
A New Role of Hindbrain Boundaries as Pools of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells Regulated by Sox2
Highlights
Compartment boundaries are an essential developmental mechanism throughout evolution, designated to act as organizing centers and to regulate and localize differently fated cells
The facts that boundary-specific genes are shared by all boundaries and that rhombomere markers (i.e., Hoxb1, Krox20) are lost from boundary cells over time [15] led us to hypothesize that boundaries may differ from rhombomeres in their neural differentiation state
At st.16–17, SRY-related HMG-box 2 gene (Sox2)+ cells are still present in rhombomeres, yet enhanced Sox2 expression can be detected in hindbrain boundaries (HBs) (Fig. 1Ab,e; n = 10)
Summary
Compartment boundaries are an essential developmental mechanism throughout evolution, designated to act as organizing centers and to regulate and localize differently fated cells. Groups of cells with similar fates and functions are often separated from other cells by the formation of sharp boundaries. Such boundaries are fundamental during the development of the central nervous system (CNS), where they act as organizing centers to pattern the tissue and localize differently-fated cells via the secretion of signaling molecules [1, 2]. The MHB acts as an organizing center that expresses signaling factors, such as Wnts and FGF8, and regulates distinct gene expression patterns and neuronal fates of midbrain and anterior hindbrain cells [20,21,22,23,24]. Studies in zebrafish and mice have highlighted the role of the Notch effector group of Hes genes, which are expressed in MHB cells, to repress them from undergoing differentiation while promoting neurogenesis in the adjacent domains [28,29,30,31,32,33]
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