Abstract
The prevailing general view of acute-phase proteins (APPs) is that they are produced by the liver in response to the stress of the body as part of a systemic acute-phase response. We demonstrated a coordinated, local production of these proteins upon cell stress by the stressed cells. The local, stress-induced APP production has been demonstrated in different tissues (kidney, breast cancer) and with different stressors (hypoxia, fibrosis and electromagnetic heat). Thus, this local acute-phase response (APR) seems to be a universal mechanism. APP production is an ancient defense mechanism observed in nematodes and fruit flies as well. Local APP production at the tissue level is also supported by sporadic literature data for single proteins; however, the complex, coordinated, local appearance of this stress response has been first demonstrated only recently. Although a number of literature data are available for the local production of single acute-phase proteins, their interpretation as a local, coordinated stress response is new. A better understanding of the role of APPs in cellular stress response may also be of diagnostic/prognostic and therapeutic significance.
Highlights
During the stress response of the body, the liver produces acute-phase proteins (APPs) [1]
We have demonstrated a general stress response of acute-phase proteins, termed the acutephase response (APR), as the main proteomic response in different mouse models including acute kidney injury (AKI)-induced renal fibrosis and modulated electro-hyperthermia-induced death of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) by multiplex methods
Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detection of messenger RNA and cell culture studies verified that APPs were produced by the tumor cells or the renal tissue, suggesting that APPs are produced by the stressed tumor/renal cells and are not originating from the liver
Summary
During the stress response of the body, the liver produces acute-phase proteins (APPs) [1]. We observed that during renal scarring due to severe ischemic damage to the kidney and during heat therapy treatment of mouse breast cancer, the kidney and the tumor cells produce acute-phase proteins, and this is the leading response of these cells according to multiplex studies. The APR was seen as independent of the model and tissue Based on these observations, we propose that the APR is a coordinated, ancient defense mechanism of different cells similar to the heat shock response. We propose that the APR is a coordinated, ancient defense mechanism of different cells similar to the heat shock response This hypothesis is supported by sporadic literature data, these publications examined the role of a single or a few acute-phase proteins.
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