A new optimized fuzzy FOPI-FOPD controller for automatic generation control of electric power systems

Abstract

In the rapidly expanding size and complexity of the electricity network, automatic generation control (AGC) is contemplated to be the most remarkable option for offering good quality electric power supply to the end users. An AGC system entails highly vigorous, competent and intelligent control technique to deliver a healthy power under stochastic nature of consumers’ power demand. Hence, in this paper, a hybrid fuzzy fractional order proportional integral-fractional order proportional derivative (FFOPI-FOPD) controller is proposed as a new expert control technique to tackle AGC profitably in isolated and interconnected multi-area power systems. A recently developed imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) is utilized for the optimization of the output gains (KP/KP1/KI/KD) and other parameters such as order of integrator (λ) and differentiator (μ) of FFOPI-FOPD controller exercising integral of squared error criterion. The proposed technique is firstly implemented on 1-area thermal system, then to express its potential and extensibility, the work is extended to 2-area hydro-thermal and 3-area thermal power systems widespread in the literature. The eminence of the method is betokened by comparing the results with the various newly published control methodologies and FPI/FFOPI controller designed in the study via ICA in terms of minimum values of various error criteria and undershoots/overshoots/settling times of frequency and tie-line power deviations following a sudden load demand in an area. The sensitivity analysis substantiates that the suggested controller is robust and performs staunchly under the wide variations in the system parameters, random load pattern and in the company of physical constraints to produce more clean electricity.