Abstract
The power fluctuations produced by electric vehicles represent a drawback in large-scale residential applications. In addition to that, short power peaks could pose a risk to the stability of the electrical grid. For this reason, this study presents a feasibility analysis for a residential system composed of electric vehicle chargers. The objective is focused on smoothing the power fluctuations produced by the charge by a supercapacitor through adequate energy control; in addition, self-consumption is analyzed. Data sampling intervals are also analyzed; the modeling was performed in Matlab software. The results show that there are errors of up to 9% if the data are measured at different sampling intervals. On the other hand, if the supercapacitor is considered, the system saves 59.87% of the energy purchased from the utility grid per day, and the self-consumption of electricity by prosumers can increase up to 73%. Finally, the hydrokinetic/supercapacitor/grid system would save up to 489.1 USD/year in the cost of purchasing electricity from the grid and would increase by 492.75 USD/year for the sale electricity.
Highlights
The hydrokinetic turbines (HKTs) output power is relatively constant during the day; to cover the power peaks produced by customers’ load, the SC provides output power
Coded No CONELEC 001/13, and the same as was repealed in June 2016. In this regulation no price was contemplated for solar energy photovoltaic or hydrokinetic energy, noting a strong deficiency for the incorporation of this type of renewable energy, to have a reference, and in a similar way a cost of 0.0658 USD/kWh has been contemplated for hydroelectric plants of up to 5 MW [35], current Feed-in Tariff (FIT) rate and used in this paper
The proposed energy control allows us to increase the self-consumption of prosumers and smoothing the power peaks produced by some electrical appliances and an electric vehicles (EVs) connected to a residential load in Southern Ecuador
Summary
The main challenge of distributed generation is the stability of renewable systems based on stochastic resources on grid, which, on a large scale, can cause serious problems of voltage or frequency variations that could cause a collapse of the electrical power system [2]. To solve this problem, several studies of the literature reviewed propose various control systems based on high-cost intelligent controllers or reduce renewable generation to maximum limits established by the regulations in each country [3].
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