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Abstract
The refurbishment of the existing building stocks represents a great potential for energy savings. To make the refurbishment effective, proper modeling of the current energy performance is needed. In most European countries, few and low quality data on the energy performance and on the refurbishment of building stocks are revealed, which increases the risk of not getting representative results. The article presents a new methodology for an effective bottom-up energy modeling, aimed at evaluating the current energy performance of housing stocks. The model is set up according to the IEE-EPISCOPE Project (Energy Performance Indicator Tracking Schemes for the Continuous Optimisation of Refurbishment Processes in European Housing Stocks, 2013–2016), which developed a framework of reliable data and clearly stated model assumptions, as to overcome the lack of data while guaranteeing transparency. The model, applied to an Italian region, is based on statistical data and uses the building typology approach. The energy performance is calculated by means of a quasi-steady state method. A correlation between the estimated and the real energy consumption is obtained. The model allows disaggregating the residential building stock in subsets to identify the main potential for energy savings in specific contexts. Improvements of the current data availability are strongly advisable to keep the model updated.
Highlights
IntroductionEuropean Union has been implementing a series of measures in different energy consuming sectors aiming to achieve the climate protection targets [2,3]
The calculated primary energy use for space heating and domestic hot water normalized on the heated net floor area of each of the 84 reference buildings is shown in Figure 5, represented in function of the heated net floor area of each reference building
Each bar shown in this graph represents the energy performance range related to the different performance levels for the same building size class and construction period
Summary
European Union has been implementing a series of measures in different energy consuming sectors aiming to achieve the climate protection targets [2,3]. The Member States have applied various instruments and policies in order to comply with the EU’s directives adopted to reduce the energy consumption and the carbon gas emissions, in the building sector. In this context, Directive 2010/31/EU [4] provides a general framework of the calculation methodology and the application of minimum standards for new buildings (nZEB), for building elements and technical systems in the case of new installation, replacement or improvement of existing buildings. Directive 2012/27/EU [5] identifies energy efficiency measures that
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