A new green system of biogenic Ni/DFNS@Pd nanoparticles for the production of 2-oxo-2-phenylethylbenzoate and cyclic carbonates by using the oxidative carboxylation of alkenes

Abstract

In this paper, we report highly atom-selective and efficacious oxidation of styrenes with carbon dioxide to cyclic carbonates in the appearance of Ni/[email protected] as a magnetic nanocatalyst (MNPs). For convenient detachment of the catalyst by an exterior magnetic domain, the dendritic fibrous nanosilica (DFNS) outer layer was covered with nickel to magnetize the DFNS. Then, the palladium nanoparticles on the outer layer of Ni/DFNS were diminished. In spite of the possibility of using these biological processes in the sustainable recapturing of vital metals (e.g. Pd), the catalytic function of biosynthesised MNPs has not yet been scrutinized. Here, instead of a chemical approach, microorganisms were utilized as catalysts for the generation of Pd nanoparticles in a biological procedure. These biogenic magnetic nanoparticles have been utilized for the first time as a reusable catalyst with an exterior magnet. The catalyst’s attributes were distinguished by a variety of methods, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analyses. Biogenized Ni/[email protected] was generated as a heterogeneous catalyst to compete with a homogeneous structure. This robust metal catalyst with great accessibility level and reusability was generated by anaerobic bacteria. Examining different concentrations of the catalyst showed that the selectivity and efficiency of the reaction are significantly affected by the concentration of the catalyst. Heterogeneous reaction compounds did not cause any negative effects. The products were eliminated from the catalyst without any problems and the catalyst was employed many times without a conspicuous loss in selectivity and activity.