A new electrochemical sensor based on Europium-doped NiO nanocomposite for detection of venlafaxine

Abstract

The present research successfully prepared the Eu3+-doped NiO modified carbon paste electrode (CPE), which has been utilized to selectively detect venlafaxine (VEN). Therefore, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) have been applied for characterizing the Eu3+-doped NiO as a synthesized nanocomposite. Moreover, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) procedure has been exploited for successfully detecting VEN. Thus, based on the optimized condition, a general linear association has been found in the experimental concentrations between 0.04 μM and 300.0 μM with 0.01 μM limit of detection (LOD) (S/N = 3). With regard to the outputs, our sensor had acceptable selectivity, significant stability, repeatability, and reproducibility. In addition, it has been substantially employed for determination of VEN in the drug and biological specimens.