A new descriptive, theoretical framework for Cyber-physical and human systems based on Activity Theory

Abstract

Abstract Given the increasing emergence of cyber-physical and human systems (CPHS) in manufacturing systems, different perceptions of CPHS appeared, which is a barrier to the design and analysis of manufacturing systems in the new industrial revolution. This has given rise to a need for a theory that brings all kinds of CPHSs under a single umbrella and avoids limiting viewpoints to particular cases. This study provides a descriptive, theoretical framework by using Activity Theory (AT) as a lens for a thorough understanding of CPHS in the context of human practice. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first attempt to take advantage of AT in CPHS. This framework can facilitate the dialectics of engineers, computer, and social scientists in such a way that each can shed light on the other. Through the framework, we describe and formulate the generalizations of the activity system within the sphere of CPHS, illuminate critical issues, and realize how a CPHS is formed and developed. Regardless of application and intended use, the provided theoretical framework is able to describe CPHSs by addressing technological, organizational, social, and human aspects through a typical structure.