Abstract
The Activity Card Sort (ACS) is a widely used measure for assessing participation in instrumental, leisure, and social-cultural activities. The ACS addresses previous and current activities but not future activity plans. The purpose of the study was to extend the ACS to include future planning. Previous research indicates that participation in activities and future planning is positively related to life satisfaction, and increased well-being and that these positive effects were most pronounced for adults 60 years and older. The current study participants were 60 Israeli adults aged 55 - 74 years. The research finds future planning to be widespread, common and significant among older adults. Moreover, it was found that older people planned to continue previous activities more that they planned new activities for the future, indicating more continuity than innovation among the participants in this study. Participants with higher current or past activity levels planed a greater number of future activities. Construct validity using known group method showed the extended ACS to have discriminant validity with respect to age (younger participants were more active) and gender (highly physical activities were favored by men). MANOVA repeated measures and Pearson correlations demonstrated moderate-high test-retest reliability for the extended ACS.
Highlights
As life expectancy increases, so does the size of the elderly population
Pearson’s correlations revealed a high significant correlation between past activity (PA) vs. future activity (FA) levels (r = 0.71; p < 0.001) and between current activity (CA) vs. FA levels (r = 0.77; p < 0.001). Correlations were found both for the total Activity Card Sort (ACS) total score and for each domain score independently (Table 2). These results indicate that participants who were more active in the past and/or are more active in present plan to continue being active in future
In order to intervene with older clients, occupational therapists and other health professionals need to study the tendencies of this population regarding the continuity or innovation of future planned activities
Summary
Does the size of the elderly population. Older people have more free time and are more active in comparison with their predecessors [1, 2]. Research has indicated that greater overall activity level in older adults was related to greater happiness, better function, and reduced mortality [3]. Evidence has shown that activities associated with leisure and independent living, is a meaningful part of their lives and participation in occupational areas of performance. Leisure activities include social and productive activities, as well as more solitary activities (e.g., reading, handwork, hobbies) and were related to feelings of well-being, function and happiness and to a sense of engagement with life [3]. These activities are a primary focus of occupational therapy (OT) interventions for this population
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