Abstract
Phytochemical investigations of ethanol root bark and stem bark extracts of Cleistochlamys kirkii (Benth.) Oliv. (Annonaceae) yielded a new benzopyranyl cadinane-type sesquiterpene (cleistonol, 1) alongside 12 known compounds (2–13). The structures of the isolated compounds were established from NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses. Structures of compounds 5 and 10 were further confirmed by single crystal X-ray crystallographic analyses, which also established their absolute stereochemical configuration. The ethanolic crude extract of C. kirkii root bark gave 72% inhibition against the chloroquine-sensitive 3D7-strain malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum at 0.01 μg/mL. The isolated metabolites dichamanetin, (E)-acetylmelodorinol, and cleistenolide showed IC50 = 9.3, 7.6 and 15.2 μM, respectively, against P. falciparum 3D7. Both the crude extract and the isolated compounds exhibited cytotoxicity against the triple-negative, aggressive breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231, with IC50 = 42.0 μg/mL (crude extract) and 9.6–30.7 μM (isolated compounds). Our findings demonstrate the potential applicability of C. kirkii as a source of antimalarial and anticancer agents.
Highlights
Cleistochlamys is a monotypic genus of the family, Annonaceae
Conservation of Nature (IUCN) assessment recorded for C. kirkii; forest clearance for of assessment kirkii;exports clearance for agriculture, settlement agriculture, settlement and recorded timber for logsC. for areforest posing a need for establishment of and timber logs for exports are posing a need for establishment of conservation measures
Previous phytochemical investigations of its fruits, leaves and stem bark phytochemical investigations of of its various fruits, leaves and stem bark extracts revealed the presence of various extracts revealed the presence antimicrobial and cytotoxic polyoxygenated heptenolides antimicrobial and cytotoxic polyoxygenated heptenolides and cyclohexene
Summary
Cleistochlamys is a monotypic genus of the family, Annonaceae. It has a restricted distribution, being found only in some parts of Southern Africa. There is no International Union of Conservation. Conservation of Nature (IUCN) assessment recorded for C. kirkii; forest clearance for of Nature (IUCN). Assessment kirkii;exports clearance for agriculture, settlement agriculture, settlement and recorded timber for logsC. For areforest posing a need for establishment of and timber logs for exports are posing a need for establishment of conservation measures [4]. Previous conservation measures [4]. Previous phytochemical investigations of its fruits, leaves and stem bark phytochemical investigations of of its various fruits, leaves and stem bark extracts revealed the presence of various extracts revealed the presence antimicrobial and cytotoxic polyoxygenated heptenolides antimicrobial and cytotoxic polyoxygenated heptenolides and cyclohexene
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