Abstract
The Arab countries, especially Saudi Arabia, occupy a prominent place in terms of their uniqueness of proximity to many sources of alternative energy. They are characterized for their long sun shining hours, e.g. Saudi Arabia is of a prime location to harness solar energy because of its year-round sunshine. The average energy from the sunlight falling on Saudi Arabia is 2200 thermal kWh/m2. The winds perpetual motion, differences in weather conditions between different areas of the KSA create the opportunity for active air currents. It is characterized by an abundance of plenty underground soft water, salty water traps and plenty amounts of waste waters all over the country. Saudi Arabia was producing 18% of the worlds desalinated waters, It sounds as though the Kingdom recognizes the solar and winds potential it owns, that can be utilized for improving the level of life for the majority of its inhabitants especially those living in dry and or semi-dry isolated places which can be attained by providing the necessary quantities of water for individuals and for governmental interests in these areas.
Highlights
Water is critical and of great importance in many areas of the Arab countries due to its limited resources with an average yearly rainfall around 100 mm. compared with other countries with rivers and water bodies of lakes and fresh water surfaces, these areas are under extreme water shortage conditions
Al-Abbadi[24] of five sites in Saudi Arabia based on data collected between 1995 and 2002 concluded the viability of using wind energy to power off and on-grid locations and the studies showed that the two cities of Dhulum and Arar, with average wind speeds of 5.7 and 5.4 m/s respectively, are good candidates for off-grid wind turbines
Salty or waste water is fed to a cone-shaped reservoir which is equipped with heating coils applying hot water as a heating medium or electrical resistances fed with electrical current from photovoltaic cells or windmills
Summary
Water is critical and of great importance in many areas of the Arab countries due to its limited resources with an average yearly rainfall around 100 mm. compared with other countries with rivers and water bodies of lakes and fresh water surfaces, these areas are under extreme water shortage conditions. Saudi Arabia (KSA) with an area of about 2.25 million Km2 and total population of about 30 million, passed three decades experiencing comprehensive developments coupled with remarkable growth rates in population and living standards These were accompanied with increasing water consumption in the agricultural, municipal and industrial sectors [3]. Part of the proposed solutions rely on the use of clean water produced after physical and chemical treatments in waste water treatment plants distributed throughout the kingdom being a viable source to cover the increasing water supply demand gap [10] M3/day Waste water treatment capacity, n3/day Waste water collection,m3/day
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
