Abstract
In this study, for the first time, histamine-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (HIS-MNP) were used as sorbent phase combined with bar adsorptive microextraction (BAµE) for the determination of methylparaben (MP), ethylparaben (EP), propylparaben (PP), and butylparaben (BP) in water samples by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). Extraction and desorption conditions, including desorption time and solvent, ionic strength effect and extraction time, were investigated. The extractions were performed for 90 min, 30% of NaCl and sample pH 5. Desorption was carried out using 250 μL of acetonitrile:methanol (25:75 v/v) for 30 min. The limits of detection (LODs) were of 1.5 μg L−1 and limits of quantification (LOQs) were 5.0 μg L−1 for all analytes. The intra-day precision ranged from 1% for EP, PP and BP to 3% for MP, EP, PP and BP. The inter-day precision ranged from 3% for EP to 18% for BP. The relative recoveries varied from 81 to 125%, and relative standard deviations (RSD) ranged between 1 and 16%.
Highlights
Parabens are esters derived from p-hydroxybenzoic acid that are employed as chemical preservatives due to their antimicrobial activity
To confirm the presence of the polymeric group glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) in the OA-magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was conducted (Figure S1), which exhibited an increase in the particle size
In the work of Lopes et al.,[28] the nanoparticles were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) wherein OA-MNP presented C–H alkyl stretch (2850-2950 cm–1), bands of carboxylate group (1523 and 1420 cm–1) and Fe–O bonds (600 cm–1)
Summary
Parabens are esters derived from p-hydroxybenzoic acid that are employed as chemical preservatives due to their antimicrobial activity. These compounds are widely found in products such as cosmetics, foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals and toiletries. Due to the low concentration level in which these compounds are found, a sample preparation step is required.[7,8,9,10] Solid phase extraction (SPE) and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) are conventional sample preparation techniques These methods are still much applied for sample preparation, both techniques present many disadvantages, including the use of a large amount of solvents, long preparation times (many hours), laborious and non-environmentally friendly. Many microextraction techniques have been used to determine parabens in different types of samples, including dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME),[9]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
