Abstract
Current urban planning of central neighborhoods is focused on mobility transformation towards more sustainable methods of public transportation and walkability that increase social interactions. Central urban neighborhoods in many cities may suffer from deterioration due to lack of personal security that result in diminished walkability. The lack of personal security might exclude residents from those areas and create a troublesome circle of deterioration, and may emphasize spatial inequality. It may also establish different patterns of the neighborhood infrastructure usage for different social groups, such as using specifically more secure streets and public spaces. The main goal of this paper is to define the routes and spaces where people walk and use in their neighborhoods in which they feel safe, and to understand how different social groups walk-through and use the same urban environment. This is analyzed by the security rating index (SRI) model, a GIS-based mapping model, which is used to identify and rate secure urban areas for better walkability. The SRI results are compared to an interview, which was given to different social-group representatives, urban data that was collected using a mobile application, and to vandalism data analysis from the municipality. The security and walkability analysis assessment took place in the Hadar neighborhood in Haifa, Israel.
Highlights
The literature review is crucial to the article and establishes the main urban parameters of the security rating index (SRI) model; we focus on the literature review at the beginning of the article (Section 2) and at the model section (Section 4), we present the main parameters extracted from the literature review that affect security in the built environment
Thefor analysis for the daytime security in was developed using variables, the analysis the nighttime security included addition the shows that thefor lower level areas security of security are distributed around the n using five urban variables, the analysis the nighttime included in addition streetlight—a total of six urban variables
The model singles out vulnerable areas in the city and places a spotlight over physical urban elements creating low levels of urban security
Summary
Central urban neighborhoods usually are more walkable, poor infrastructure, such as unkempt sidewalks or unsecure environments, influence which streets people choose to walk through. Communities (such as student communities, religious communities, etc.), choose to reside in these central urban neighborhoods for urban renewal reasons [1]. These local communities are defined in this article as social groups. These diverse social groups may use the city infrastructure in different modes and walk through the urban environment by using different streets
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