A new anti-HER2 antibody that enhances the anti-tumor efficacy of trastuzumab and pertuzumab with a distinct mechanism of action

Abstract

The majority of patients with metastatic breast cancer who are treated with the anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody, trastuzumab, generally develop resistance to the drug within a year after initiation of the treatment. Here we describe a new anti-HER2 humanized monoclonal antibody, 19H6-Hu, which binds to HER2 extracellular domain (ECD) with high affinity and inhibits proliferation of multiple HER2-overexpressing cancer cell lines as a single agent or in combination with trastuzumab. 19H6-Hu binds to the domain III in proximity to the domain IV of HER2 ECD, which differs from trastuzumab and pertuzumab. 19H6-Hu in combination with trastuzumab was more effective at blocking phosphorylation of ERK1/2, AKT(S473)and HER2 (Y1248) in HER2-positive cancer cells compared to trastuzumab alone or in combination with pertuzumab. Combination of three antibodies, 19H6-Hu, inetetamab (a trastuzumab analog) and pertuzumab exhibited much stronger inhibition of large NCI-N87 tumor xenografts (>400mm3) than the current standard of care, inetetamab (trastuzumab) plus Docetaxel (DTX), as well as the combination of 19H6-Hu, inetetamab and DTX. Our results highlight the functional variability of HER2 domains and provide a new insight into the design of HER2-targeting agents.