Abstract
Background: Ficus religiosa, also known as the peepal tree, is used to treat multiple diseases. It is proved to be effective in treating cognitive impairment. However, the potential targets and pharmacological and molecular mechanisms of its action on the management of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) are not entirely clear. Therefore, a network pharmacology approach is required to further study and explore its treatment mechanism. Methods: ChEBI database was used to retrieve the active constituents. AD genes were retrieved from the DisGeNet database. SMILES of phytoconstituents were retrieved from PubChem, traced for the positive drug-likeness score, targets were predicted and regulated proteins were enriched to trace probable modulated proteins, pathways, and GO terms. Cytoscape ver. 3.7.2 was used to construct the active ingredient-target-pathway interaction of F. religiosa and network analysis. Molecular docking was also performed. Results: A total of 7 bioactive out of 25 were predicted to possess a positive drug likeliness score. Also, PIK3CA, PIK3RA, AKT1, MAP2K1 and RAF1 were predicted as key gene targets. The results of the GO analysis demonstrated that the somatodendritic compartment, cytoplasm, plasma membrane, and membrane raft are the main cellular components, its molecular functions are mainly catalytic activity, ion binding, protein kinase activity and, identical protein binding. The biological process is focused on biological quality, response to oxygen-contain-compound sound, and metabolic process. Conclusions: This study holistically illuminated possible pharmacological mechanisms of F. religiosa that might be strongly associated with multi-targeting compounds and act on many AD pathways at the same time.
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