Abstract
Mycetoma is a chronic, granulomatous subcutaneous infection characterized by a triad of inflammation, painless tumour-like lesions and multiple sinuses discharging grains [1]. In Mexico, 97% of mycetomas are caused by bacteria of the order Actinomycetales, where Nocardia brasiliensis is the most important agent, while in eumycetomas the most important genera are Madurella spp. and Trematosphaeria spp [4]. This pathology is more common in men (3:1 to 5:1) between the age of 20 and 40 years, and up to 75% of patients present the injury (being the entry way) in the lower extremity, most commonly in the foot (70%). Other sites include the head, neck, chest, shoulders and arms [6, 7]. The diagnosis of mycetoma is based on clinical presentation, imaging studies and identification of the causative organisms in relevant clinical samples taken from affected tissues using fine-needle aspiration, or surgical biopsy. The diagnosis of mycetoma is based on clinical presentation, imaging studies and identification of the causative organisms in relevant clinical samples taken from affected tissues using fine-needle aspiration, or surgical biopsy. Imaging including X-ray, ultrasound, MRI and CT scan examinations may be required to characterize the spread and extent of disease [3].
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