Abstract
Administration of drugs via the buccal route has attracted much attention in recent years. However, developing systems with satisfactory adhesion under wet conditions and adequate drug bioavailability still remains a challenge. Here, we propose a mussel-inspired mucoadhesive film. Ex vivo models show that this film can achieve strong adhesion to wet buccal tissues (up to 38.72 ± 10.94 kPa). We also demonstrate that the adhesion mechanism of this film relies on both physical association and covalent bonding between the film and mucus. Additionally, the film with incorporated polydopamine nanoparticles shows superior advantages for transport across the mucosal barrier, with improved drug bioavailability (~3.5-fold greater than observed with oral delivery) and therapeutic efficacy in oral mucositis models (~6.0-fold improvement in wound closure at day 5 compared with that observed with no treatment). We anticipate that this platform might aid the development of tissue adhesives and inspire the design of nanoparticle-based buccal delivery systems.
Highlights
Administration of drugs via the buccal route has attracted much attention in recent years
The absorption peaks of catechol at 280 nm in the UV-vis spectra (Fig. 2a) and the peaks in the aromatic regions (δ = 6.62, 6.71, 6.78) of the 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectra (Fig. 2b) verified the conjugation of DOPA to poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) chains[24,25], and the height of the absorption peaks was proportional to the amount of DOPA added
The degree of substitution of catechol in PVADOPA conjugates could be calculated by comparing the peak area of the phenyl group in catechol (δ = 6.62, 6.71, 6.78) relative to that of the methylene group in the PVA chains (δ = 1.5)[24,25]
Summary
Administration of drugs via the buccal route has attracted much attention in recent years. Tensile tests were performed again using fresh porcine buccal mucosa to determine the mucoadhesive properties of the films after nanoparticle encapsulation, and the results indicated that there was no significant difference in the mean detachment force between PVA-DOPA and PVA-DOPA@PLGA-PDA films (Supplementary Fig. 7a), which confirmed that nanoparticle incorporation had no adverse effects on mucoadhesive strength.
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