Abstract
Due to a dearth of research, authors conducted an ex post facto research design to investigate group differences in school-level student outcomes (e.g., achievement, suspension, and attendance rates) based on Recognized American School Counselor Association Model Program (RAMP) status. Archival data were collected from publically accessible data provided by state Departments of Education. Authors included all RAMP schools in Georgia and Virginia (n = 70) over a 5-year period. Propensity score matching was used to construct a comparison group of non-RAMP schools (n = 70) matched by district, ethnicity, and free or reduced-price lunch status. The results of multivariate analyses of variance did not reveal statistically significant differences by RAMP status based on school-level student outcomes. Authors suggest further research methods to investigate the impact of RAMP status, including the use of an ecological framework for viewing such research.
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