Abstract
Emergency evacuation is an important issue in public security. To make a considerate plan, various situations are presented including blocking the accident area and letting the emergency access path available. In order to offer dynamic evacuation routes due to different circumstances, a multistory building evacuation model is proposed. Firstly, to analyse the patency of the building, an evacuation formula is applied after binary processing. The function of evacuation time and some other parameters is given by means of regression analysis. Secondly, the cellular automata (CA) algorithm was applied to illustrate the effect of the bottleneck. The response of evacuation time could be approximately optimized through calculating time step of the CA simulation. Finally, the value of maximum evacuation population density could be determined according to the analysis of CA simulation results, which was related to the switch state of the emergency channel. The emergency evacuation model was simulated by using the Louvre museum as an example. The results of the simulation presented some feasible evacuation routes in all kinds of situations. Furthermore, the functional relationship would also be given among evacuation time with the diversity of tourists, pedestrian density, and width of exits. It can give a different perspective that the multistory building evacuation model shows excellent adaptability to different circumstances.
Highlights
There have been many terrorist attacks around the world, which poses a great threat to the safety of residents and tourists [1, 2] and caused great psychological trauma to the victims after terrorist attacks [3, 4]
Terrorist attacks require the rapid evacuation of all tourists. e safety of tourists, evacuation time, and emergency handling are always the focus of such problem
A cellular automata (CA) model was used to simulate the effect of the bottleneck on evacuation time and modified the evacuation time [7]
Summary
There have been many terrorist attacks around the world, which poses a great threat to the safety of residents and tourists [1, 2] and caused great psychological trauma to the victims after terrorist attacks [3, 4]. Related Works e evacuation system in the building has been a hot issue over recent decades [8, 9], especially for multifloor building with at least one certain stairway or elevator Different methods such as cellular automata models, social force models, and fluid-dynamic models have been investigated based on mathematics by computing. A utilizing queueing network model was proved useful in the design of emergency evacuation plans soon after Targeting at these issues, Pauls [11] summarized the history of investigations into calculating evacuation times, including the basic concepts along with selected calculation methods [11]. Eir 3D model showed more efficiently on the topological relations and geometric properties of the building features Such previous research has not considered the influence brought by the diversity of tourists. Spatial calculations were given based on a three-dimensional space grid. ey analysed potential congestion and stagnation during the evacuation. e result of the designed evacuation method can support individual evacuation route and evacuation assessment
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